Universities In June 1775 Congress ordered an invasion of Canada led by Benedict Arnold who despite Washington's strong objection drew volunteers from the latter's force during the Siege of Boston the move on Quebec failed the American forces were reduced to less than half and retreated. 1777 Jean-Baptiste Greuze portrait of Ben Franklin In 1755 Washington served voluntarily as an aide to General Edward Braddock who led a British expedition to expel the French from Fort Duquesne and the Ohio Country. On Washington's recommendation Braddock split the army into one main column and a lightly equipped "flying column". Suffering from a severe case of dysentery Washington was left behind and when he rejoined Braddock at Monongahela the French and their Indian allies ambushed the divided army the British suffered two-thirds casualties including the mortally wounded Braddock Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage Washington still very ill rallied the survivors and formed a rear guard which allowed the remnants of the force to disengage and retreat. During the engagement he had two horses shot from under him and his hat and coat were bullet-pierced. His conduct under fire redeemed his reputation among critics of his command in the Battle of Fort Necessity, but he was not included by the succeeding commander Colonel Thomas Dunbar in planning subsequent operations.
Women contributed to the American Revolution in many ways and were involved on both sides Formal politics did not include women but ordinary domestic behaviors became charged with political significance as Patriot women confronted a war which permeated all aspects of political civil and domestic life They participated by boycotting British goods spying on the British following armies as they marched washing cooking and tending for soldiers delivering secret messages and even fighting disguised as men in a few cases such as Deborah Samson Mercy Otis Warren held meetings in her house and cleverly attacked Loyalists with her creative plays and histories. Above all women continued the agricultural work at home to feed their families and the armies They maintained their families during their husbands' absences and sometimes after their deaths, Several of the Founding Fathers had extensive national state local and foreign political experience prior to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787 Some had been diplomats Several had been members of the Continental Congress or elected president of that body, In 2009 President Barack Obama held a ceremony at the White House to honor Jennings as a representative of his contributions to saving the Gilbert Stuart painting and other valuables (The painting that was saved was a copy Stuart made of the painting not the original, although it is the same one on display in the East Room.) "A dozen descendants of Jennings came to Washington to visit the White House They looked at the painting their relative helped save." in an interview with National Public Radio Jennings' great-great-grandson Hugh Alexander said "We were able to take a family portrait in front of the painting which was for me one of the high points." He confirmed that Jennings later purchased his freedom from the widowed Dolley Madison. . 3 Water supply and water quality In August 1775 George III declared Americans to be traitors to the Crown if they took up arms against royal authority There were thousands of British and Hessian soldiers in American hands following their surrender at the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777 Lord Germain took a hard line but the British generals on American soil never held treason trials and treated captured American soldiers as prisoners of war the dilemma was that tens of thousands of Loyalists were under American control and American retaliation would have been easy the British built much of their strategy around using these Loyalists the British maltreated the prisoners whom they held resulting in more deaths to American prisoners of war than from combat operations. At the end of the war both sides released their surviving prisoners.
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