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4 Provisions 7 Bibliography George and Martha Washington with Martha's grandchildren by Edward Savage c 1786-91 National Art Gallery, Further information: Civil War Defenses of Washington, In 1861 General Scott advised Abraham Lincoln to ask Lee to command U.S forces Lee declined and later recounted "I declined the offer he made me to take command of the army that was brought into the field stating candidly and as courteously as I could that though opposed to secession and deprecating war I could take no part in the invasion of the southern states.". .

United States Army Johannes Adam Simon Oertel Pulling Down the Statue of King George III N.Y.C ca 1859 The Seal of the District of Columbia features the date 1871 recognizing the year the District's government was incorporated. . 2 Origins Section 9 of Article I forbade the Federal government from preventing the importation of slaves before January 1 1808. . Washington emphasized religious toleration in a nation with numerous denominations and religions He publicly attended services of different Christian denominations and prohibited anti-Catholic celebrations in the Army. He engaged workers at Mount Vernon without regard for religious belief or affiliation While president he acknowledged major religious sects and gave speeches on religious toleration. He was distinctly rooted in the ideas values and modes of thinking of the Enlightenment, but he harbored no contempt of organized Christianity and its clergy "being no bigot myself to any mode of worship" in 1793 speaking to members of the New Church in Baltimore Washington proclaimed "We have abundant reason to rejoice that in this Land the light of truth and reason has triumphed over the power of bigotry and superstition.", James Wilson attended the University of St Andrews the University of Glasgow, and the University of Edinburgh though he never received a degree, Slavery The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by President Lincoln on January 1 1863 In a single stroke it changed the legal status as recognized by the U.S government of 3 million slaves in designated areas of the Confederacy from "slave" to "free" it had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government by running away or through advances of federal troops the slave became legally and actually free Plantation owners realizing that emancipation would destroy their economic system sometimes moved their slaves as far as possible out of reach of the Union army by June 1865 the Union Army controlled all of the Confederacy and had liberated all of the designated slaves.