In 1755 Washington served voluntarily as an aide to General Edward Braddock who led a British expedition to expel the French from Fort Duquesne and the Ohio Country. On Washington's recommendation Braddock split the army into one main column and a lightly equipped "flying column". Suffering from a severe case of dysentery Washington was left behind and when he rejoined Braddock at Monongahela the French and their Indian allies ambushed the divided army the British suffered two-thirds casualties including the mortally wounded Braddock Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage Washington still very ill rallied the survivors and formed a rear guard which allowed the remnants of the force to disengage and retreat. During the engagement he had two horses shot from under him and his hat and coat were bullet-pierced. His conduct under fire redeemed his reputation among critics of his command in the Battle of Fort Necessity, but he was not included by the succeeding commander Colonel Thomas Dunbar in planning subsequent operations. . According to Herbert Aptheker "there were few phases of ante-bellum Southern life and history that were not in some way influenced by the fear of or the actual outbreak of militant concerted slave action.". ; See also: Anti-literacy law In October 1753 Dinwiddie appointed Washington as a special envoy to demand that the French vacate territory which the British had claimed.[e] Dinwiddie also appointed him to make peace with the Iroquois Confederacy and to gather intelligence about the French forces. Washington met with Half-King Tanacharison and other Iroquois chiefs at Logstown to secure their promise of support against the French and his party reached the Ohio River in November They were intercepted by a French patrol and escorted to Fort Le Boeuf where Washington was received in a friendly manner He delivered the British demand to vacate to French commander Saint-Pierre but the French refused to leave Saint-Pierre gave Washington his official answer in a sealed envelope after a few days' delay and he gave Washington's party food and extra winter clothing for the trip back to Virginia. Washington completed the precarious mission in 77 days in difficult winter conditions and achieved a measure of distinction when his report was published in Virginia and London. Germany: the official capital Berlin is home to the parliament and the highest bodies of the executive branch (consisting of the ceremonial presidency and effective chancellery) Various ministries are located in the former West German capital of Bonn which now has the title "Federal City" the Federal Constitutional Court has its seat in Karlsruhe which as a consequence is sometimes called Germany's "judicial capital"; none of Germany's highest judicial organs are located in Berlin Various German government agencies are located in other parts of Germany.
. The U.S settlers surging into the newly conquered Southwest were openly contemptuous of Mexican law (a civil law system based on the law of Spain) as alien and inferior and disposed of it by enacting reception statutes at the first available opportunity However they recognized the value of a few aspects of Mexican law and carried them over into their new legal systems for example most of the southwestern states adopted community property marital property systems as well as water law, 13.1 Official Washington Gas is the city's natural gas utility and serves over one million customers in the District and its suburbs Incorporated by Congress in 1848 the company installed the city's first gas lights in the Capitol the White House and along Pennsylvania Avenue.
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