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See also: Salaries of members of the United States Congress; Lincoln's assassination On March 4 1865 Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address in it he deemed the endless casualties to be God's will Historian Mark Noll claims this speech to rank "among the small handful of semi-sacred texts by which Americans conceive their place in the world".:426 Lincoln said:; Main article: U.S Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court Washington dealt with major problems the old Confederation lacked the powers to handle its workload and had weak leadership no executive a small bureaucracy of clerks a large debt worthless paper money and no power to establish taxes. He had the task of assembling an executive department and relied on Tobias Lear for advice selecting its officers. Great Britain refused to relinquish its forts in the American West and Barbary pirates preyed on American merchant ships in the Mediterranean at a time when the United States did not even have a navy. 2 Issues 6.1.2 Expensive campaigns In March 1776 the Continental Army forced the British to evacuate Boston with George Washington as the commander of the new army the revolutionaries were now in full control of all 13 colonies and were ready to declare independence There still were many Loyalists but they were no longer in control anywhere by July 1776 and all of the Royal officials had fled.

12 Further reading To be eligible for election a candidate must be aged at least 25 (House) or 30 (Senate) have been a citizen of the United States for seven (House) or nine (Senate) years and be an inhabitant of the state which they represent. Beginning in 1777 Congress repeatedly asked the states to provide money but the states had no system of taxation and were of little help by 1780 Congress was making requisitions for specific supplies of corn beef pork and other necessities an inefficient system which barely kept the army alive. Starting in 1776 the Congress sought to raise money by loans from wealthy individuals promising to redeem the bonds after the war the bonds were in fact redeemed in 1791 at face value but the scheme raised little money because Americans had little specie and many of the rich merchants were supporters of the Crown the French secretly supplied the Americans with money gunpowder and munitions in order to weaken Great Britain; the subsidies continued when France entered the war in 1778 and the French government and Paris bankers lent large sums to the American war effort These loans were repaid in full in the 1790s. William L Yancey's "Alabama Platform" endorsed by the Alabama and the Georgia legislatures and by Democratic state conventions in Florida and Virginia called for no restrictions on slavery in the territories by the federal government or territorial governments before statehood opposition to any candidates supporting either the Wilmot Proviso or popular sovereignty and federal legislation to overrule Mexican anti-slavery laws, More than 20,000 injured or ill soldiers received treatment in an array of permanent and temporary hospitals in the capital including the U.S Patent Office and for a time the Capitol itself Among the notables who served in nursing were American Red Cross founder Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix who served as superintendent of female nurses in Washington Novelist Louisa May Alcott served at the Union Hospital in Georgetown Poet Walt Whitman served as a hospital volunteer and in 1865 would publish his famous poem "The Wound-Dresser." the United States Sanitary Commission had a significant presence in Washington as did the United States Christian Commission and other relief agencies the Freedman's Hospital was established in 1862 to serve the needs of the growing population of freed slaves. Gentry vividly remembered a day in New Orleans when he and the nineteen-year-old Lincoln came upon a slave market Pausing to watch Gentry recalled looking down at Lincoln's hands and seeing that he "doubled his fists tightly; his knuckles went white." Men wearing black coats and white hats buy field hands "black and ugly," for $500 to 800 and then the real horror begins: "When the sale of "fancy girls" began Lincoln "unable to stand it any longer," muttered to Gentry "Allen that's a disgrace If I ever get a lick at that thing I'll hit it hard.".