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The national debt fell into three categories after the American Revolution the first was the $12 million owed to foreigners mostly money borrowed from France There was general agreement to pay the foreign debts at full value the national government owed $40 million and state governments owed $25 million to Americans who had sold food horses and supplies to the Patriot forces There were also other debts which consisted of promissory notes issued during the war to soldiers merchants and farmers who accepted these payments on the premise that the new Constitution would create a government that would pay these debts eventually. Washington decided that "The Government of the United States are determined that their Administration of Indian Affairs shall be directed entirely by the great principles of Justice and humanity" and provided that their land interests should be negotiated by treaties the administration regarded powerful tribes as foreign nations and Washington even smoked a peace pipe and drank wine with them at the Philadelphia presidential house. He made numerous attempts to conciliate them; he equated killing indigenous peoples with killing Whites and sought to integrate them into European American culture. Secretary of War Henry Knox also attempted to encourage agriculture among the tribes. . In Mexico although President Paredes issued a manifesto on May 23 1846 and a declaration of a defensive war on April 23 both of which are considered by some the de facto start of the war Mexico officially declared war by Congress on July 7 1846.:148, The Seal of the District of Columbia features the date 1871 recognizing the year the District's government was incorporated. Most northern states passed legislation for gradual abolition first freeing children born to slave mothers (and requiring them to serve lengthy indentures to their mother's masters often into their 20s as young adults) As a result of this gradualist approach New York did not fully free its last ex-slaves until 1827 Rhode Island had seven slaves still listed in the 1840 census Pennsylvania's last ex-slaves were freed in 1847 Connecticut's in 1848 and New Hampshire and New Jersey in 1865, Lincoln in 1857 Formal portrait of Alexander Hamilton part of a dual image of Jefferson and Hamilton, 10 Footnotes Prohibiting international trade According to a 2010 study Washington-area commuters spent 70 hours a year in traffic delays which tied with Chicago for having the nation's worst road congestion. However 37% of Washington-area commuters take public transportation to work the second-highest rate in the country an additional 12% of D.C commuters walked to work 6% carpooled and 3% traveled by bicycle in 2010 a 2011 study by Walk Score found that Washington was the seventh-most walkable city in the country with 80% of residents living in neighborhoods that are not car dependent in 2013 the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had the eighth lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (75.7 percent) with 8 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit; Alonzo Chappel (1858), Washington D.C. Business Directory, 1.4 Planned development Further information: Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War and Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War. North Fork South Branch Potomac River, 6 Paris peace treaty, Some tribes held people as captive slaves late in the 19th century for instance "Ute Woman" was a Ute captured by the Arapaho and later sold to a Cheyenne She was kept by the Cheyenne to be used as a prostitute to serve American soldiers at Cantonment in the Indian Territory She lived in slavery until about 1880 She died of a hemorrhage resulting from "excessive sexual intercourse". Georgia 29,264 59,699 105,218 149,656 217,531 280,944 381,682 462,198 10 Infrastructure By the 1980s the original design featuring mobile lounges to meet each plane was no longer well-suited to Dulles' role as a hub airport Instead midfield concourses were added to allow passengers to walk between connecting flights without visiting the main terminal Mobile lounges were still used for international flights and to transport passengers between the midfield concourses and the main terminal an underground tunnel (consisting of a passenger walkway and moving sidewalks) which links the main terminal and Concourse B was opened in 2004 the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) began a renovation program for the airport including a new security mezzanine with more room for lines.

In a section negotiated by James Madison of Virginia Section 2 of Article I designated "other persons" (slaves) to be added to the total of the state's free population at the rate of three-fifths of their total number to establish the state's official population for the purposes of apportionment of Congressional representation and federal taxation. This disproportionately strengthened the political power of Southern representatives as three-fifths of the (non-voting) slave population was counted for Congressional apportionment. .