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The Congress of the United States serves two distinct purposes that overlap: local representation to the federal government of a congressional district by representatives and a state's at-large representation to the federal government by senators. Consequently many black and white religious organizations former Union Army officers and soldiers and wealthy philanthropists were inspired to create and fund educational efforts specifically for the betterment of African Americans; some African Americans had started their own schools before the end of the war Northerners helped create numerous normal schools such as those that became Hampton University and Tuskegee University to generate teachers as well as other colleges for former slaves Blacks held teaching as a high calling with education the first priority for children and adults Many of the most talented went into the field Some of the schools took years to reach a high standard but they managed to get thousands of teachers started as W E B Du Bois noted the black colleges were not perfect but "in a single generation they put thirty thousand black teachers in the South" and "wiped out the illiteracy of the majority of black people in the land", South Africa: the administrative capital is Pretoria the legislative capital is Cape Town and the judicial capital is Bloemfontein This is the outcome of the compromise that created the Union of South Africa in 1910. ; Further information: Massachusetts Circular Letter Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party 1992 84.6% 192,619 9.1% 20,698 Arts In London the Rockingham government came to power (July 1765) and Parliament debated whether to repeal the stamp tax or to send an army to enforce it Benjamin Franklin made the case for repeal explaining that the colonies had spent heavily in manpower money and blood in defense of the empire in a series of wars against the French and Indians and that further taxes to pay for those wars were unjust and might bring about a rebellion Parliament agreed and repealed the tax (February 21 1766) but insisted in the Declaratory Act of March 1766 that they retained full power to make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" the repeal nonetheless caused widespread celebrations in the colonies.

On November 6 Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States He was the first Republican president and his victory was entirely due to his support in the North and West; no ballots were cast for him in 10 of the 15 Southern slave states and he won only two of 996 counties in all the Southern states.:61 Lincoln received 1,866,452 votes or 39.8% of the total in a four-way race He won the free Northern states as well as California and Oregon.:350. . The end of the war, Secession of Southern States, 7 Media The District is known for its medical research institutions such as Washington Hospital Center and the Children's National Medical Center as well as the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda Maryland in addition the city is home to three medical schools and associated teaching hospitals at George Washington Georgetown and Howard universities. 13 Historiography Each chamber determines its own internal rules of operation unless specified in the Constitution or prescribed by law in the House a Rules Committee guides legislation; in the Senate a Standing Rules committee is in charge Each branch has its own traditions; for example the Senate relies heavily on the practice of getting "unanimous consent" for noncontroversial matters. House and Senate rules can be complex sometimes requiring a hundred specific steps before a bill can become a law. Members sometimes turn to outside experts to learn about proper Congressional procedures, Reconstruction to present Nathaniel Scudder New Jersey 1 Yes, French and Indian War See also: First Battle of Tabasco. .