Main article: U.S Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court, A painting of Lincoln sitting with his hand on his chin and his elbow on his leg, Northwest Ordinance 12.1 Footnotes I-66 in Washington D.C. .
. Main article: 1860 United States presidential election 10 Other participants 6.8 Scott's Mexico City campaign! . Congress also has implied powers deriving from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause which permit Congress to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States or in any Department or Officer thereof". Broad interpretations of this clause and of the Commerce Clause the enumerated power to regulate commerce in rulings such as McCulloch v Maryland have effectively widened the scope of Congress's legislative authority far beyond that prescribed in Section Eight.
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