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Members elected since 1984 are covered by the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) Like other federal employees congressional retirement is funded through taxes and participants' contributions Members of Congress under FERS contribute 1.3% of their salary into the FERS retirement plan and pay 6.2% of their salary in Social Security taxes and like federal employees members contribute one-third of the cost of health insurance with the government covering the other two-thirds, 2.4 Occupations Estonia: the Supreme Court and the Ministry of Education and Research are located in Tartu. South Branch nomenclature In 1885 Congress proclaimed Washington's birthday to be a federal holiday. Twentieth-century biographer Douglas Southall Freeman concluded "The great big thing stamped across that man is character." Modern historian David Hackett Fischer has expanded upon Freeman's assessment defining Washington's character as "integrity self-discipline courage absolute honesty resolve and decision but also forbearance decency and respect for others", See also: Thirteen Colonies 5.1 Roads US soldiers' memoirs describe cases of looting and murder of Mexican civilians mostly by State Volunteers One officer's diary records:; Further information: Shot heard 'round the world Boston campaign Invasion of Canada (1775) and American Revolutionary War, 11.1.1 Universities This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message). ; Domestic slave trade and forced migration, A Great Blue Heron, Lincoln's image carved into the stone of Mount Rushmore. The continued involuntary servitude took various forms but the primary forms included convict leasing peonage and sharecropping with the latter eventually encompassing poor whites as well By the 1930s whites constituted most of the sharecroppers in the South Mechanization of agriculture had reduced the need for farm labor and many blacks left the South in the Great Migration, Importation of slaves Emergence as Republican leader Main articles: George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River Battle of Trenton and Battle of Princeton.

. There are several countries where for various reasons the official capital and de facto seat of government are separated: Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry. Africans first came to the New World with Christopher Columbus in 1492 Juan Las Canaries was a crewman on Columbus' flagship the Santa Maria Not much longer after the first enslavement occurred in what would later be the United States in 1508 Ponce de Leon established the first settlement near present-day San Juan and began enslaving the indigenous Tainos in 1513 to supplement the dwindling Tainos population the first African slaves were imported to Puerto Rico! . 8 Results 1980 74.9% 130,231 13.4% 26,218 Lincoln in 1858 the year of his debates with Stephen Douglas over slavery, Voting within Congress can take many forms including systems using lights and bells and electronic voting. Both houses use voice voting to decide most matters in which members shout "aye" or "no" and the presiding officer announces the result the Constitution however requires a recorded vote if demanded by one-fifth of the members present or when voting to override a presidential veto If the voice vote is unclear or if the matter is controversial a recorded vote usually happens the Senate uses roll-call voting in which a clerk calls out the names of all the senators each senator stating "aye" or "no" when their name is announced in the Senate the Vice President may cast the tie-breaking vote if present when the Senators are equally divided; . 1.2 Designs on California Caning of Charles Sumner. .