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. . 1860 presidential election The radical provisions of Pennsylvania's constitution lasted only 14 years in 1790 conservatives gained power in the state legislature called a new constitutional convention and rewrote the constitution the new constitution substantially reduced universal male suffrage gave the governor veto power and patronage appointment authority and added an upper house with substantial wealth qualifications to the unicameral legislature Thomas Paine called it a constitution unworthy of America, 8 Further reading Further information: Atlantic Revolutions The Act gave President George Washington the authority to decide the exact location and hire a surveyor the President was required to have suitable buildings ready for Congress and other government offices by the first Monday in December 1800 (Monday December 1 1800) the federal government would provide financing for all public buildings. . Many historians argue that the Compromise played a major role in postponing the American Civil War for a decade while the Northwest was growing more wealthy and more populous and was being brought into closer relations with the Northeast. During that decade the Whig Party had completely broken down to be replaced with the new Republican Party dominant in the North and the Democrats in the South, All three branches of the U.S federal government are centered in the District: Congress (legislative) president (executive) and the Supreme Court (judicial) Washington is home to many national monuments and museums primarily situated on or around the National Mall the city hosts 177 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many international organizations trade unions non-profits lobbying groups and professional associations including the World Bank Group the International Monetary Fund (IMF) the Organization of American States AARP the National Geographic Society the Human Rights Campaign the International Finance Corporation and the American Red Cross, Changes in a nation's political regime sometimes result in the designation of a new capital Newly-independent Kazakhstan moved its capital to the existing city of Astana after the collapse of the Soviet Union Naypyidaw was founded in Burma's interior as the former capital Rangoon was claimed to be too overcrowded.

9.1 Higher education, By 1815 the domestic slave trade had become a major economic activity in the United States; it lasted until the 1860s. Between 1830 and 1840 nearly 250,000 slaves were taken across state lines in the 1850s more than 193,000 were transported and historians estimate nearly one million in total took part in the forced migration of this new Middle Passage by 1860 the slave population in the United States had reached 4 million. Of all 1,515,605 free families in the fifteen slave states in 1860 nearly 400,000 held slaves (roughly one in four or 25%), amounting to 8% of all American families, Painting by Howard Chandler Christy depicting the signing of the Constitution of the United States with Washington as the presiding officer standing at right. The British intended to burn the building to the ground They set fire to the southern wing first the flames grew so quickly that the British were prevented from collecting enough wood to burn the stone walls completely However the Library of Congress's contents in the northern wing contributed to the flames on that side. Among the items destroyed was the 3,000-volume collection of the Library of Congress and the intricate decorations of the neoclassical columns pediments and sculptures Later though former president Thomas Jefferson donated his personal book collection to start a new Library of Congress, originally designed by William Thornton in 1793 and Benjamin Latrobe in 1803 the wooden ceilings and floors burned and the glass skylights melted because of the intense heat. But the building was not a complete loss the House rotunda the east lobby the staircases and Latrobe's famous Corn-Cob Columns in the Senate entrance hall all survived the Superintendent of the Public Buildings of the City of Washington Thomas Munroe concluded that the loss to the Capitol amounted to $787,163.28 with $457,388.36 for the North wing and main building and $329,774.92 for the South wing, In June 1772 American patriots including John Brown burned a British warship that had been vigorously enforcing unpopular trade regulations in what became known as the Gaspee Affair the affair was investigated for possible treason but no action was taken. Historian Richard B Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as key Founding Fathers: John Adams Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton John Jay Thomas Jefferson James Madison and George Washington. Jefferson Madison and Washington were slave owners Franklin Hamilton and Jay were leading opponents of slavery Adams Jefferson and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence Hamilton Madison and Jay were authors of the Federalist Papers advocating ratification of the Constitution the constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York (1777) and Massachusetts (1780) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the U.S Constitution. Jay Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783) that would end the American Revolutionary War. Washington was commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and was president of the Constitutional Convention All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States with Washington Adams Jefferson and Madison serving as president Jay was the nation's first chief justice Hamilton was the first secretary of the treasury and Franklin was America's most senior diplomat and later the governmental leader of Pennsylvania; Samuel Chase Maryland 2 Yes Yes Stanton General Hospital William Floyd New York 2 Yes Yes Desertion 8.3 Other 5.2.1 Historians who focus on the Founding Fathers 4.8 Demobilization and resignation; 6 Paris peace treaty 15 Bibliography, This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed, James Wilson attended the University of St Andrews the University of Glasgow, and the University of Edinburgh though he never received a degree.