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Main article: Native Americans in the United States, Washington's stepdaughter Patsy Custis suffered from epileptic attacks from age 12 and she died in his arms in 1773 the following day he wrote to Burwell Bassett: "It is easier to conceive than to describe the distress of this Family". He canceled all business activity and remained with Martha every night for three months, William Wells Brown who escaped to freedom reported that on one plantation slave men were required to pick 80 pounds per day of cotton while women were required to pick 70 pounds; if any slave failed in his or her quota they were subject to whip lashes for each pound they were short the whipping post stood next to the cotton scales a New York man who attended a slave auction in the mid-19th century reported that at least three-quarters of the male slaves he saw at sale had scars on their backs from whipping by contrast small slave-owning families had closer relationships between the owners and slaves; this sometimes resulted in a more humane environment but was not a given. . . . Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Lincoln is largely responsible for the Thanksgiving holiday.:471 Thanksgiving had become a regional holiday in New England in the 17th century it had been sporadically proclaimed by the federal government on irregular dates the prior proclamation had been during James Madison's presidency 50 years earlier in 1863 Lincoln declared the final Thursday in November of that year to be a day of Thanksgiving.:471, In July 1861 the US issued paper currency for the first time the currency became known greenbacks because it was printed in green on the reverse side. . George Read Delaware 3 Yes Yes Yes, War of 1812, Painting of Washington by Charles Wilson Peale standing in a formal pose in a colonel's uniform a right hand inserted in shirt.

Cabinet and executive departments The shock of Union defeat at First Bull Run with demoralized troops wandering the streets of the capital caused President Lincoln to order extensive fortifications and a large garrison This required an influx of troops military suppliers and building contractors which would set up a new demand for accommodation including military hospitals the abolition of slavery in D.C in 1862 also attracted many freedmen to the city Except for one attempted invasion by Confederate cavalry leader Jubal Early in 1864 the capital remained impregnable, South Carolina 107,094 146,151 196,365 251,783 315,401 327,038 384,984 402,406 14.1 Reference works Washington and Lafayette. ! Defending the Revolution In 1803 the Supreme Court established judicial review of federal legislation in Marbury v Madison holding however that Congress could not grant unconstitutional power to the Court itself the Constitution does not explicitly state that the courts may exercise judicial review; however the notion that courts could declare laws unconstitutional was envisioned by the founding fathers Alexander Hamilton for example mentioned and expounded upon the doctrine in Federalist No 78 Originalists on the Supreme Court have argued that if the constitution does not say something explicitly it is unconstitutional to infer what it should might or could have said. Judicial review means that the Supreme Court can nullify a congressional law it is a huge check by the courts on the legislative authority and limits congressional power substantially in 1857 for example the Supreme Court struck down provisions of a congressional act of 1820 in its Dred Scott decision. At the same time the Supreme Court can extend congressional power through its constitutional interpretations, Any letters addressed to the subscribers through the Post Office at Alexandria will be promptly attended to for information enquire at the above described house as we can at all times be found there.