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By getting constant reports from the battlefield Americans became emotionally united as a community News about the war always caused extraordinary popular excitement in the Spring of 1846 news about Zachary Taylor's victory at Palo Alto brought up a large crowd that met in a cotton textile town of Lowell Massachusetts New York celebrated the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista in May 1847 Among fireworks and illuminations they had a "grand procession" of about 400,000 people.[citation needed] Generals Taylor and Scott became heroes for their people and later became presidential candidates. William Duer New York 1 Yes The Southern rebellion was largely the outgrowth of the Mexican war Nations like individuals are punished for their transgressions We got our punishment in the most sanguinary and expensive war of modern times. Congress enacted Johnson's Great Society program to fight poverty and hunger the Watergate Scandal had a powerful effect of waking up a somewhat dormant Congress which investigated presidential wrongdoing and coverups; the scandal "substantially reshaped" relations between the branches of government suggested political scientist Bruce J Schulman. Partisanship returned particularly after 1994; one analyst attributes partisan infighting to slim congressional majorities which discouraged friendly social gatherings in meeting rooms such as the Board of Education. Congress began reasserting its authority. Lobbying became a big factor despite the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act Political action committees or PACs could make substantive donations to congressional candidates via such means as soft money contributions. While soft money funds were not given to specific campaigns for candidates the money often benefited candidates substantially in an indirect way and helped reelect candidates. Reforms such as the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act limited campaign donations but did not limit soft money contributions. One source suggests post-Watergate laws amended in 1974 meant to reduce the "influence of wealthy contributors and end payoffs" instead "legitimized PACs" since they "enabled individuals to band together in support of candidates". From 1974 to 1984 PACs grew from 608 to 3,803 and donations leaped from $12.5 million to $120 million along with concern over PAC influence in Congress in 2009 there were 4,600 business labor and special-interest PACs including ones for lawyers electricians and real estate brokers. From 2007 to 2008 175 members of Congress received "half or more of their campaign cash" from PACs; Washington's great-grandfather John Washington immigrated in 1656 from Sulgrave England to the British Colony of Virginia where he accumulated 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of land including Little Hunting Creek on the Potomac River George Washington was born February 22 1732 at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County Virginia and was the first of six children of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington by English common law Washington was a naturalized subject of the King as were all others born in the English colonies. His father was a justice of the peace and a prominent public figure who had three additional children from his first marriage to Jane Butler the family moved to Little Hunting Creek in 1735 then to Ferry Farm near Fredericksburg Virginia in 1738 When Augustine died in 1743 Washington inherited Ferry Farm and ten slaves; his older half-brother Lawrence inherited Little Hunting Creek and renamed it Mount Vernon, Republic of Texas, Reenactors in U.S (left) and Mexican (right) uniforms of the period. On March 30 1791 Washington issued a presidential proclamation that established "Jones's point the upper cape of Hunting Creek in Virginia" as the starting point for the federal district's boundary survey and the method by which the survey should determine the district's boundaries, Memorials John Banister Virginia 1 Yes New Delhi India (1911), Aside from the disposition of the territories other issues had risen to prominence during the Taylor years the Washington D.C slave trade angered many in the North who viewed the presence of slavery in the capital as a blemish on the nation Disputes around fugitive slaves had grown since 1830 in part due to improving means of transportation as escaped slaves used roads railroads and ships to escape the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 had granted jurisdiction to all state and federal judges over cases regarding fugitive slaves but several Northern states dissatisfied by the lack of due process in these cases had passed personal liberty laws that made it more difficult to return alleged fugitive slaves to the South. Congress also faced the issue of Utah which like California and New Mexico had been ceded by Mexico Utah was inhabited largely by Mormons whose practice of polygamy was unpopular in the United States! Other issues George W Getty, Robert Morris Pennsylvania 3 Yes Yes Yes Washington D.C. Business Directory, On January 29 1850 Senator Henry Clay introduced a plan which combined the major subjects under discussion His legislative package included the admission of California as a free state the cession by Texas of some of its northern and western territorial claims in return for debt relief the establishment of New Mexico and Utah territories a ban on the importation of slaves into the District of Columbia for sale and a more stringent fugitive slave law. Clay had originally favored voting on each of his proposals separately but Senator Henry S Foote of Mississippi convinced him to combine the proposals regarding California's admission and the disposition of Texas's borders into one bill. Clay hoped that this combination of measures would convince congressmen from both North and South to support the overall package of laws even if they objected to specific provisions. Clay's proposal attracted the support of some Northern Democrats and Southern Whigs but it lacked the backing necessary to win passage and debate over the bill continued!

6 Lincoln's assassination Howe outmaneuvered Washington at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11 1777 and marched unopposed into the nation's capital at Philadelphia an October Patriot attack failed against the British at Germantown Major General Thomas Conway prompted some members of Congress (referred to as the Conway Cabal) to consider removing Washington from command because of the losses incurred at Philadelphia Washington's supporters resisted and the matter was finally dropped after much deliberation. Once exposed Conway wrote an apology to Washington resigned and returned to France, George Boxley Rebellion (1815) Senegambia (Mandinka Fula Wolof) 14.5. Tourism is Washington's second-largest industry Approximately 18.9 million visitors contributed an estimated $4.8 billion to the local economy in 2012 the District also hosts nearly 200 foreign embassies and international organizations such as the World Bank the International Monetary Fund (IMF) the Organization of American States the Inter-American Development Bank and the Pan American Health Organization in 2008 the foreign diplomatic corps in Washington employed about 10,000 people and contributed an estimated $400 million annually to the local economy, The British sought out the United States Treasury in hopes of finding money or items of worth but they found only old records. They burned the United States Treasury and other public buildings the United States Department of War building was also burned However the War and State Department files had been removed so the books and records had been saved; the only records of the War Department lost were recommendations of appointments for the Army and letters received from seven years earlier the First U.S Patent Office Building was saved by the efforts of William Thornton the former Architect of the Capitol and then the Superintendent of Patents who gained British cooperation to preserve it.[A] "When the smoke cleared from the dreadful attack the Patent Office was the only Government building . left untouched" in Washington. The Wilmot Proviso banning slavery in any new territory to be acquired from Mexico not including Texas which had been annexed the previous year it passed the House in August 1846 and February 1847 but not the Senate Later an effort failed to attach the proviso to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. After the declaration of war on May 13 1846 U.S forces invaded Mexican territory on two main fronts the U.S War Department sent a U.S Cavalry force under Stephen W Kearny to invade western Mexico from Jefferson Barracks and Fort Leavenworth reinforced by a Pacific fleet under John D Sloat This was done primarily because of concerns that the British might also try to seize the area Two more forces one under John E Wool and the other under Taylor were ordered to occupy Mexico as far south as the city of Monterrey. French Windward Islands 3.1% From late 1848 Americans and foreigners of many different countries rushed into California for the California Gold Rush exponentially increasing the population in response to growing demand for a better more representative government a Constitutional Convention was held in 1849 the delegates unanimously outlawed slavery They had no interest in extending the Missouri Compromise Line through California and splitting the state; the lightly-populated southern half never had slavery and was heavily Hispanic, The law was so rigorously pro-slavery as to prohibit the admission of the testimony of a person accused of being an escaped slave into evidence at the judicial hearing to determine the status of the accused escaped slave Thus if a freedman were claimed to be an escaped slave they could not resist their return to slavery by truthfully telling their own actual history; Africa 1.4% The French writer and traveler Alexis de Tocqueville in his influential Democracy in America (1835) expressed opposition to slavery while observing its effects on American society He felt that a multiracial society without slavery was untenable as he believed that prejudice against blacks increased as they were granted more rights (for example in northern states) He believed that the attitudes of white Southerners and the concentration of the black population in the South were bringing the white and black populations to a state of equilibrium and were a danger to both races Because of the racial differences between master and slave he believed that the latter could not be emancipated, Franklin T Lambert (2003) has examined the religious affiliations and beliefs of some of the Founders Of the 55 delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention 28 were Anglicans (i.e Church of England; or Episcopalian after the American Revolutionary War was won) 21 were other Protestants and two were Roman Catholics (D Carroll and Fitzsimons). Among the Protestant delegates to the Constitutional Convention eight were Presbyterians seven were Congregationalists two were Lutherans two were Dutch Reformed and two were Methodists. Expensive campaigns James Smith Pennsylvania 1 Yes In 1846 after Polk ordered General Taylor's troops into the disputed territory Mexican forces attacked an American Army outpost ("Thornton Affair") in the occupied territory killing 12 U.S soldiers and capturing 52 These same Mexican troops later laid siege to an American fort along the Rio Grande. Polk cited this attack as an invasion of U.S territory and requested that the Congress declare war! On July 9 1790 Congress passed the Residence Act which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River the exact location was to be selected by President George Washington who signed the bill into law on July 16 Formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles (16 km) on each side totaling 100 square miles (259 km2).[b].