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Sports The Residence Act of 1790 officially titled an Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States (1 Stat 130) was a United States federal statute adopted during the second session of the First United States Congress and signed into law by President George Washington on July 16 1790 the Act provided for a national capital and permanent seat of government to be established at a site along the Potomac River and empowered President Washington to appoint commissioners to oversee the project it also set a deadline of December 1800 for the capital to be ready and designated Philadelphia as the nation's temporary capital while the new seat of government was being built At the time the federal government was operating out of New York City, Early European colonists who settled along the Potomac found a diversity of large and small mammals living in the dense forests nearby Bison elk wolves ( gray and red) and panthers (cougars) were still present at that time but had been hunted to extirpation by the middle of the 19th century Among the denizens of the Potomac's banks beavers and otters met a similar fate while small populations of minks and martens survived into the 20th century in some secluded areas, Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans that existed in the United States of America in the 17th 18th and 19th centuries Slavery had been practiced in British America from early colonial days and was legal in all Thirteen Colonies at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 it lasted in about half the states until 1865 when it was prohibited nationally by the Thirteenth Amendment As an economic system slavery was largely replaced by sharecropping and convict leasing. . . Signatories to founding documents, Washington D.C. Business Directory, 4 Legal issues In the mid-20th century historian Leonard Woods Labaree identified eight characteristics of the Loyalists that made them essentially conservative opposite to the characteristics of the Patriots. Loyalists tended to feel that resistance to the Crown was morally wrong while the Patriots thought that morality was on their side. Loyalists were alienated when the Patriots resorted to violence such as burning houses and tarring and feathering Loyalists wanted to take a centrist position and resisted the Patriots' demand to declare their opposition to the Crown Many Loyalists had maintained strong and long-standing relations with Britain especially merchants in port cities such as New York and Boston. Many Loyalists felt that independence was bound to come eventually but they were fearful that revolution might lead to anarchy tyranny or mob rule in contrast the prevailing attitude among Patriots was a desire to seize the initiative. Labaree also wrote that Loyalists were pessimists who lacked the confidence in the future displayed by the Patriots.

Two ships in a harbor one in the distance On board men stripped to the waist and wearing feathers in their hair are throwing crates into the water a large crowd mostly men is standing on the dock waving hats and cheering a few people wave their hats from windows in a nearby building. Consequently many black and white religious organizations former Union Army officers and soldiers and wealthy philanthropists were inspired to create and fund educational efforts specifically for the betterment of African Americans; some African Americans had started their own schools before the end of the war Northerners helped create numerous normal schools such as those that became Hampton University and Tuskegee University to generate teachers as well as other colleges for former slaves Blacks held teaching as a high calling with education the first priority for children and adults Many of the most talented went into the field Some of the schools took years to reach a high standard but they managed to get thousands of teachers started as W E B Du Bois noted the black colleges were not perfect but "in a single generation they put thirty thousand black teachers in the South" and "wiped out the illiteracy of the majority of black people in the land". Main articles: France in the American Revolutionary War and Spain in the American Revolutionary War.