! 9.7 Role of women, The acquisition was a source of controversy especially among U.S politicians who had opposed the war from the start a leading antiwar U.S newspaper the Whig National Intelligencer sardonically concluded that "We take nothing by conquest . Thank God.", U.S journalism during the war 15.3 Specialized studies Mexico City Campaign. .
Francis Lightfoot Lee Virginia 2 Yes Yes Status of African Americans In sharp contrast Congress and the American states had no end of difficulty financing the war in 1775 there was at most 12 million dollars in gold in the colonies not nearly enough to cover current transactions let alone finance a major war the British made the situation much worse by imposing a tight blockade on every American port which cut off almost all imports and exports One partial solution was to rely on volunteer support from militiamen and donations from patriotic citizens. Another was to delay actual payments pay soldiers and suppliers in depreciated currency and promise that it would be made good after the war Indeed the soldiers and officers were given land grants in 1783 to cover the wages that they had earned but had not been paid during the war the national government did not have a strong leader in financial matters until 1781 when Robert Morris was named Superintendent of Finance of the United States. Morris used a French loan in 1782 to set up the private Bank of North America to finance the war He reduced the civil list saved money by using competitive bidding for contracts tightened accounting procedures and demanded the national government's full share of money and supplies from the individual states! Independence and Union Further information: Presidency of James K Polk Reference to the Rio Grande boundary of Texas was omitted from the US Congress's annexation resolution to help secure passage after the annexation treaty failed in the Senate President Polk claimed the Rio Grande boundary and when Mexico sent forces over the Rio Grande this provoked a dispute. By late September Patriot-French forces completely surrounded Yorktown trapped the British army and prevented British reinforcements from Clinton in the North while the French Navy was victorious at the Battle of the Chesapeake the final American offensive was begun with a shot fired by Washington the siege ended with a British surrender on October 19 1781; over 7,000 British soldiers were captured in the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War. Washington negotiated the terms of surrender for two days and the official signing ceremony took place on October 19; Cornwallis in fact claimed illness and was absent sending General Charles O'Hara as his proxy. As a gesture of goodwill Washington held a dinner for the American French and British generals all of whom fraternized on friendly terms and identified with one another as members of the same professional military caste, 3.3 Opposition 8.1 Creating a "more perfect union" and guaranteeing rights! Maj Gen In his Federalist No 43 published January 23 1788 James Madison argued that the new federal government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance and safety. Five years earlier a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia Known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. ; In 1773 private letters were published in which Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson claimed that the colonists could not enjoy all English liberties and Lieutenant Governor Andrew Oliver called for the direct payment of colonial officials the letters' contents were used as evidence of a systematic plot against American rights and discredited Hutchinson in the eyes of the people; the Assembly petitioned for his recall Benjamin Franklin postmaster general for the colonies acknowledged that he leaked the letters which led to him being berated by British officials and fired from his job.
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