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Proponents of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution knew that without legislation that codified the 13th Amendment in the form of laws and statutes along with law enforcement agencies to uphold the laws there would be no true end to slavery and this is the reason for the inclusion of Section 2 of the 13th Amendment authorizing Congress to establish laws upholding the amendment the federal government also sent troops to the south to provide protection to the former slaves who were still living among their former masters, Governing entities sometimes plan design and build new capital cities to house the seat of government of a polity or of a subdivision Deliberately planned and designed capitals include:. . . 4 Organic Act of 1871 Pakistan: Islamabad is a purpose-built capital city; construction started in 1960 and was completed by 1966 replacing the traditional capital Karachi; Rawalpindi was used in the interim. In 1608 Captain John Smith explored the river now known as the Potomac and made drawings of his observations which were later compiled into a map and published in London in 1612 This detail from that map shows his rendition of the river that the local tribes had told him was called the "Patawomeck", 3.1 Powers of Congress, Bight of Biafra (Igbo Tikar Ibibio Bamileke Bubi) 24.4 Source:"Distribution of Slaves in US History" Retrieved May 13 2010.

The Washington Monument seen across the Tidal Basin during 2007's National Cherry Blossom Festival. Birds 1.3 Notable operations and milestones The Spanish and the Dutch became allies of the French in 1779 and 1780 respectively forcing the British to fight a global war without major allies and requiring it to slip through a combined blockade of the Atlantic Britain began to view the American war for independence as merely one front in a wider war, and the British chose to withdraw troops from America to reinforce the sugar-producing Caribbean colonies which were more lucrative to British investors British commander Sir Henry Clinton evacuated Philadelphia and returned to New York City General Washington intercepted him in the Battle of Monmouth Court House the last major battle fought in the north After an inconclusive engagement the British retreated to New York City the northern war subsequently became a stalemate as the focus of attention shifted to the smaller southern theater. . Washington D.C during the American Civil War was the nerve-center of the Union war effort which rapidly turned it from a small city into a major capital with full civic infrastructure and strong defenses, 11 Historical reputation and legacy Increased federal spending as a result of the New Deal in the 1930s led to the construction of new government buildings memorials and museums in the District, though the chairman of the House Subcommittee on District Appropriations Ross A Collins from Mississippi justified cuts to funds for welfare and education for local residents stating that "my constituents wouldn't stand for spending money on niggers". History The subscribers having leased for a term of years the large three story brick house on Duke Street in the town of Alexandria D.C formerly occupied by Gen Young we wish to purchase one hundred and fifty likely young negroes of both sexes between the ages of 8 and 25 years Persons who wish to sell will do well to give us a call as we are determined to give more than any other purchasers that are in market or that may hereafter come into market! Seminary General Hospital 6 Culture Boundary between Maryland Virginia and West Virginia at Harpers Ferry. The presence of United States troops on the edge of the disputed territory farthest from the Mexican settlements was not sufficient to provoke hostilities We were sent to provoke a fight but it was essential that Mexico should commence it it was very doubtful whether Congress would declare war; but if Mexico should attack our troops the Executive could announce "Whereas war exists by the acts of etc.," and prosecute the contest with vigor Once initiated there were but few public men who would have the courage to oppose it .. The freedmen fought for Britain throughout the Atlantic campaign including the attack on Washington D.C and the Louisiana Campaign Seven hundred of these ex-marines were granted land (they reportedly organised themselves in villages along the lines of their military companies).[citation needed] Many other freed American slaves were recruited directly into existing West Indian regiments or newly created British Army units[citation needed] the British later resettled a few thousand freed slaves at Nova Scotia as they had for freedmen after the Revolution. Some of the earlier freedmen had migrated to Sierra Leone in the late 18th century when it was established as a British colony Descendants have established the Black Loyalist Heritage Museum and website, In 1654 John Casor a black indentured servant in colonial Virginia was the first man to be declared a slave in a civil case He had claimed to an officer that his master Anthony Johnson himself a free black had held him past his indenture term a neighbor Robert Parker told Johnson that if he did not release Casor he would testify in court to this fact Under local laws Johnson was at risk for losing some of his headright lands for violating the terms of indenture Under duress Johnson freed Casor Casor entered into a seven years' indenture with Parker Feeling cheated Johnson sued Parker to repossess Casor a Northampton County Virginia court ruled for Johnson declaring that Parker illegally was detaining Casor from his rightful master who legally held him "for the duration of his life".