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See also: List of parochial and private schools in Washington D.C, 11.1.1 Universities The city's first motorized streetcars began service in 1888 and generated growth in areas of the District beyond the City of Washington's original boundaries Washington's urban plan was expanded throughout the District in the following decades. Georgetown's street grid and other administrative details were formally merged to those of the legal City of Washington in 1895. However the city had poor housing conditions and strained public works the District was the first city in the nation to undergo urban renewal projects as part of the "City Beautiful movement" in the early 1900s. Those who fought for independence were called "Patriots" "Whigs" "Congress-men" or "Americans" during and after the war They included a full range of social and economic classes but were unanimous regarding the need to defend the rights of Americans and uphold the principles of republicanism in terms of rejecting monarchy and aristocracy while emphasizing civic virtue on the part of the citizens Newspapers were strongholds of patriotism (although there were a few Loyalist papers) and printed many pamphlets announcements patriotic letters and pronouncements; Abraham Lincoln painting by George Peter Alexander Healy in 1869, 6.3 Pacific Coast campaign Formal portrait of Chief Justice John Jay wearing judge's robe. Washington forced the British out of Boston in the spring of 1776 and neither the British nor the Loyalists controlled any significant areas the British however were massing forces at their naval base at Halifax Nova Scotia They returned in force in July 1776 landing in New York and defeating Washington's Continental Army in August at the Battle of Brooklyn Following that victory they requested a meeting with representatives from Congress to negotiate an end to hostilities.

; Numerous universities including George Washington University and Washington University in St Louis were named in honor of Washington Main article: Battle of Long Island. None of the Southern states abolished slavery but it was common for individual slaveholders in the South to free numerous slaves often citing revolutionary ideals in their wills Methodist Quaker and Baptist preachers traveled in the South appealing to slaveholders to manumit their slaves by 1810 the number and proportion of free blacks in the population of the United States had risen dramatically Most free blacks resided in the North but even in the Upper South the proportion of free blacks went from less than one percent of all blacks to more than 10 percent even as the total number of slaves was increasing through importation. .