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Edward Biddle Pennsylvania 1 Yes 2.1 Governing bodies Food and Agriculture Organization: Rome In 1846 based on a petition to Congress by the residents of the Virginia portion of the District (Alexandria County) and the City of Alexandria the area of 31 square miles (80 km2) which was ceded by Virginia was returned, leaving 69 square miles (179 km2) of territory originally ceded by Maryland as the current area of the District in its entirety. Year Democratic Republican Historical population The last remaining founders also poetically called the "Last of the Romans" lived well into the nineteenth century the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence was Charles Carroll of Carrollton who died in 1832 the last surviving member of the Continental Congress was John Armstrong Jr who died in 1843 He gained this distinction in 1838 upon the death of the only other surviving delegate Paine Wingate, Washington proclaimed November 26 as a day of Thanksgiving in order to encourage national unity "It is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God to obey His will to be grateful for His benefits and humbly to implore His protection and favor." He spent that day fasting and visiting debtors in prison to provide them with food and beer!

1.5 Marriage and children Bvt Maj Gen, Main article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, There are few I believe in this enlightened age who will not acknowledge that slavery as an institution is a moral and political evil It is idle to expatiate on its disadvantages I think it is a greater evil to the white than to the colored race While my feelings are strongly enlisted in behalf of the latter my sympathies are more deeply engaged for the former the blacks are immeasurably better off here than in Africa morally physically and socially the painful discipline they are undergoing is necessary for their further instruction as a race and will prepare them I hope for better things How long their servitude may be necessary is known and ordered by a merciful Providence. Elections are influenced by many variables Some political scientists speculate there is a coattail effect (when a popular president or party position has the effect of reelecting incumbents who win by "riding on the president's coattails") although there is some evidence that the coattail effect is irregular and possibly declining since the 1950s. Some districts are so heavily Democratic or Republican that they are called a safe seat; any candidate winning the primary will almost always be elected and these candidates do not need to spend money on advertising. But some races can be competitive when there is no incumbent If a seat becomes vacant in an open district then both parties may spend heavily on advertising in these races; in California in 1992 only four of twenty races for House seats were considered highly competitive. Whig Senator Thomas Corwin of Ohio gave a long speech indicting presidential war in 1847. Whig leader Robert Toombs of Georgia declared: "This war is nondescript . We charge the President with usurping the war-making power . with seizing a country . which had been for centuries and was then in the possession of the Mexicans . Let us put a check upon this lust of dominion We had territory enough Heaven knew. . The full Virginia Regiment joined Washington at Fort Necessity the following month with news that he had been promoted to command of the regiment and to colonel upon the death of the regimental commander the regiment was reinforced by an independent company of 100 South Carolinians led by Captain James Mackay whose royal commission outranked Washington and a conflict of command ensued On July 3 a French force attacked with 900 men and the ensuing battle ended in Washington's surrender in the aftermath Colonel James Innes took command of intercolonial forces the Virginia Regiment was divided and Washington was offered a captaincy which he refused with resignation of his commission, In 1971 the cost of running for congress in Utah was $70,000 but costs have climbed the biggest expense is television advertisements. Today's races cost more than a million dollars for a House seat and six million or more for a Senate seat. Since fundraising is vital "members of Congress are forced to spend ever-increasing hours raising money for their re-election."[attribution needed], Government and politics A locally elected mayor and a 13-member council have governed the District since 1973 However Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws D.C residents elect a non-voting at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives but the District has no representation in the Senate District voters choose three presidential electors in accordance with the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified in 1961; The British agreed to abandon their forts around the Great Lakes and the United States modified the boundary with Canada the government liquidated numerous pre-Revolutionary debts and the British opened the British West Indies to American trade the treaty secured peace with Britain and a decade of prosperous trade Jefferson claimed that it angered France and "invited rather than avoided" war. Relations with France deteriorated afterwards leaving succeeding president John Adams with prospective war. James Monroe was the American Minister to France but Washington recalled him for his opposition to the Treaty the French refused to accept his replacement Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and the French Directory declared the authority to seize American ships two days before Washington's term ended Indian affairs, Some traders moved their "chattels" by sea with Norfolk to New Orleans being the most common route but most slaves were forced to walk overland Others were shipped downriver from such markets as Louisville on the Ohio River and Natchez on the Mississippi Traders created regular migration routes served by a network of slave pens yards and warehouses needed as temporary housing for the slaves in addition other vendors provided clothes food and supplies for slaves As the trek advanced some slaves were sold and new ones purchased Berlin concluded "In all the slave trade with its hubs and regional centers its spurs and circuits reached into every cranny of southern society Few southerners black or white were untouched.". See also: Second Battle of Tabasco Thomas Lynch Jr. South Carolina 1 Yes In 1641 Massachusetts became the first colony to authorize slavery through enacted law. Massachusetts passed the Body of Liberties which prohibited slavery in many instances but allowed slaves to be held if they were captives of war if they sold themselves into slavery or were purchased elsewhere or if they were sentenced to slavery as punishment by the governing authority the Body of Liberties used the word "strangers" to refer to people bought and sold as slaves; they were generally not English subjects Colonists came to equate this term with Native Americans and Africans. The Haida and Tlingit Indians who lived along southeast Alaska's coast were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders raiding as far as California Slavery was hereditary after slaves were taken as prisoners of war Among some Pacific Northwest tribes about a quarter of the population were slaves. Other slave-owning tribes of North America were for example Comanche of Texas Creek of Georgia the fishing societies such as the Yurok that lived along the coast from what is now Alaska to California; the Pawnee and Klamath, Northern abolitionists attacked the war as an attempt by slave-owners to strengthen the grip of slavery and thus ensure their continued influence in the federal government Prominent artists and writers opposed the war the Transcendentalist writers Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson attacked the popular war Thoreau who served jail time for his opposition turned a lecture into an essay now known as Civil Disobedience Emerson was succinct predicting that "The United States will conquer Mexico but it will be as a man who swallowed the arsenic which brings him down in turn Mexico will poison us." Events proved him right as arguments over the expansion of slavery in the lands seized from Mexico would fuel the drift to civil war just a dozen years later, Grant's bloody stalemates damaged Lincoln's re-election prospects and many Republicans feared defeat Lincoln confidentially pledged in writing that if he should lose the election he would still defeat the Confederacy before turning over the White House::80 Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet but asked them to sign the sealed envelope.