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Convict leasing Yellow flag waving.svg Liberalism portal, The next day a large armed force of approximately 500 New Mexicans and Pueblo attacked and laid siege to Simeon Turley's mill in Arroyo Hondo several miles outside of Taos Charles Autobees an employee at the mill saw the men coming He rode to Santa Fe for help from the occupying U.S forces Eight to ten mountain men were left at the mill for defense After a day-long battle only two of the mountain men survived John David Albert and Thomas Tate Tobin Autobees' half brother Both escaped separately on foot during the night the same day New Mexican insurgents killed seven American traders who were passing through the village of Mora at most 15 Americans were killed in both actions on January 20; . . . .

1 Background 16.3 Historiography History To prevent this Arlington held a referendum through which voters petitioned Congress and the state of Virginia to return the portion of the District of Columbia south of the Potomac River (Alexandria County) to Virginia On July 9 1846 Congress retroceded Alexandria County to Virginia after which the District's slave traders relocated to Alexandria.:292 the District's slave trade was outlawed in the Compromise of 1850 the penalty for bringing a slave into the District for sale was freedom for the slave. Southern senators and congressmen resisted banning slavery altogether in the District to avoid setting a precedent the practice remained legal in the District until after secession with the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act signed by Lincoln on April 16 1862 which established the annual observance of Emancipation Day. Thomas Johnson Maryland 1 Yes There were economic and ethnic differences between free blacks of the Upper South and Deep South with the latter fewer in number but wealthier and typically of mixed race Half of the black slaveholders lived in cities rather than the countryside with most living in New Orleans and Charleston Especially New Orleans had a large relatively wealthy free black population (gens de couleur) composed of people of mixed race who had become a third social class between whites and enslaved blacks under French and Spanish colonial rule Relatively few non-white slaveholders were "substantial planters" Of those who were most were of mixed race often endowed by white fathers with some property and social capital for example Andrew Durnford of New Orleans was listed as owning 77 slaves. According to Rachel Kranz: "Durnford was known as a stern master who worked his slaves hard and punished them often in his efforts to make his Louisiana sugar plantation a success.". . In February 1801 Congress approved the District of Columbia Organic Act which officially organized the District of Columbia Congress at that time became the district's exclusive governing authority.[citation needed]. .