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. Popular sovereignty developed by Lewis Cass and Stephen Douglas as the position of the Democratic Party was to let each territory decide for itself whether to allow slavery, By January 1 1808 when Congress banned further imports South Carolina was the only state that still allowed importation of slaves Congress allowed continued trade only in slaves who were descendants of those currently in the United States in addition US citizens could participate financially in the international slave trade and the outfitting of ships for that trade the domestic slave trade became extremely profitable as demand rose with the expansion of cultivation in the Deep South for cotton and sugar cane crops Slavery in the United States became more or less self-sustaining by natural increase among the current slaves and their descendants. The Great Depression ushered in President Franklin Roosevelt and strong control by Democrats and historic New Deal policies Roosevelt's election in 1932 marked a shift in government power towards the executive branch Numerous New Deal initiatives came from the White House rather than being initiated by Congress the Democratic Party controlled both houses of Congress for many years. During this time Republicans and conservative southern Democrats formed the Conservative Coalition. Democrats maintained control of Congress during World War II. Congress struggled with efficiency in the postwar era partly by reducing the number of standing congressional committees. Southern Democrats became a powerful force in many influential committees although political power alternated between Republicans and Democrats during these years More complex issues required greater specialization and expertise such as space flight and atomic energy policy. Senator Joseph McCarthy exploited the fear of communism during the Second Red Scare and conducted televised hearings in 1960 Democratic candidate John F Kennedy narrowly won the presidency and power shifted again to the Democrats who dominated both houses of Congress until 1994.

. 7.2 Pay and benefits Disputed territory Congress is directly responsible for the governing of the District of Columbia the current seat of the federal government. . . Further information: History of Washington D.C and Timeline of Washington D.C. 8 External links History When the election of 1792 neared Washington did not publicly announce his presidential candidacy but silently consented to run to prevent a further political-personal rift in his cabinet the Electoral College unanimously elected him president on February 13 1793 and John Adams as vice president by a vote of 77 to 50. Washington with nominal fanfare arrived alone at his inauguration in his carriage Sworn into office by Associate Justice William Cushing on March 4 1793 in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia Washington gave a brief address and then immediately retired to his Philadelphia presidential house weary of office and in poor health, Image of Lincoln being shot by Booth while sitting in a theater booth. Other important legislation involved two measures to raise revenues for the Federal government: tariffs (a policy with long precedent) and a Federal income tax in 1861 Lincoln signed the second and third Morrill Tariffs following the first enacted by Buchanan Also in 1861 Lincoln signed the Revenue Act of 1861 creating the first U.S income tax.:424 This created a flat tax of 3 percent on incomes above $800 ($22,300 in current dollar terms) the Revenue Act of 1862 adopted rates that increased with income.:111, 6.1 Landmarks 15.1 Reference works Washington arrived in Philadelphia on May 9 1787 though a quorum was not attained until Friday May 25 Benjamin Franklin nominated Washington to preside over the convention and he was unanimously elected to serve as president general the convention's state-mandated purpose was to revise the Articles of Confederation with "all such alterations and further provisions" required to improve them and the new government would be established when the resulting document was "duly confirmed by the several states". Governor Edmund Randolph of Virginia introduced Madison's Virginia Plan on May 27 the third day of the convention it called for an entirely new constitution and a sovereign national government which Washington highly recommended, Wilson's time as a member of the Continental Congress in 1776 was his introduction to colonial politics.