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Africans first came to the New World with Christopher Columbus in 1492 Juan Las Canaries was a crewman on Columbus' flagship the Santa Maria Not much longer after the first enslavement occurred in what would later be the United States in 1508 Ponce de Leon established the first settlement near present-day San Juan and began enslaving the indigenous Tainos in 1513 to supplement the dwindling Tainos population the first African slaves were imported to Puerto Rico. Tourism is Washington's second-largest industry Approximately 18.9 million visitors contributed an estimated $4.8 billion to the local economy in 2012 the District also hosts nearly 200 foreign embassies and international organizations such as the World Bank the International Monetary Fund (IMF) the Organization of American States the Inter-American Development Bank and the Pan American Health Organization in 2008 the foreign diplomatic corps in Washington employed about 10,000 people and contributed an estimated $400 million annually to the local economy, In Alabama slaves were not allowed to leave their master's premises without written consent or passes This was a common requirement in other states as well and locally run patrols (known to slaves as pater rollers) often checked the passes of slaves who appeared to be away from their plantations in Alabama slaves were prohibited from trading goods among themselves in Virginia a slave was not permitted to drink in public within one mile of his master or during public gatherings Slaves were not permitted to carry firearms in any of the slave states, Through the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 under the Congress of the Confederation slavery was prohibited in the territories northwest of the Ohio River; existing slaves were not freed for years although they could no longer be sold This was a compromise Thomas Jefferson proposed in 1784 to end slavery in all the territories but his bill lost in the Congress by one vote the territories south of the Ohio River (and Missouri) had authorized slavery. Northerners predominated in the westward movement into the Midwestern territory after the American Revolution; as the states were organized they voted to prohibit slavery in their constitutions when they achieved statehood: Ohio in 1803 Indiana in 1816 and Illinois in 1818 What developed was a Northern block of free states united into one contiguous geographic area that generally shared an anti-slavery culture the exceptions were the areas along the Ohio River settled by Southerners the southern portions of states such as Indiana Ohio and Illinois Residents of those areas generally shared in Southern culture and attitudes in addition these areas were devoted to agriculture longer than the industrializing northern parts of these states and some farmers used slave labor the emancipation of slaves in the North led to the growth in the population of northern free blacks from several hundred in the 1770s to nearly 50,000 by 1810.

Main articles: Navigation Acts Dominion of New England King Philip's War and War of the Austrian Succession 10 Citations In sharp contrast Congress and the American states had no end of difficulty financing the war in 1775 there was at most 12 million dollars in gold in the colonies not nearly enough to cover current transactions let alone finance a major war the British made the situation much worse by imposing a tight blockade on every American port which cut off almost all imports and exports One partial solution was to rely on volunteer support from militiamen and donations from patriotic citizens. Another was to delay actual payments pay soldiers and suppliers in depreciated currency and promise that it would be made good after the war Indeed the soldiers and officers were given land grants in 1783 to cover the wages that they had earned but had not been paid during the war the national government did not have a strong leader in financial matters until 1781 when Robert Morris was named Superintendent of Finance of the United States. Morris used a French loan in 1782 to set up the private Bank of North America to finance the war He reduced the civil list saved money by using competitive bidding for contracts tightened accounting procedures and demanded the national government's full share of money and supplies from the individual states. Tehran capital and largest city of Iran and the capital of the Persian empires in the last two centuries In Louisiana French colonists had established sugar cane plantations and exported sugar as the chief commodity crop After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 Americans entered the state and joined the sugar cultivation Between 1810 and 1830 planters bought slaves from the North and the number of slaves increased from less than 10,000 to more than 42,000 Planters preferred young males who represented two-thirds of the slave purchases Dealing with sugar cane was even more physically demanding than growing cotton the largely young unmarried male slave force made the reliance on violence by the owners "especially savage". .